The Theory Of Folk Psychology - 974 Words

Eliminative materialism (eliminativism) is an ontologically radical approach that claims that a matured cognitive science will show that mental states that common sense takes for granted, such as beliefs, do not exist (or do not have referents). Instead, it claims that these mental entities are theoretical terms for the ‘false’ theory of folk psychology (common sense psychology), which can be defined as the cognitive ability to explain and predict the behaviour and mental state of other people. In essence, the theory aims to discredit folk psychology by claiming that people will discover that there is no neural basis to mental entities and thus, they are non-existent. I shall argue that there are significant fundamental flaws to both the arguments for eliminativism about propositional attitudes and eliminativism about qualia (subjective experience). For the former, I will argue that the eliminative materialist’s theory-theory is flawed and show that propositions a lone can discredit the position on philosophy of mind. This will lead to identifying the position as self-refuting. Furthermore, I will show that science itself has proven simulation theory to be true so that I can discredit eliminative materialism. For the latter, I will argue that qualia exist due to introspection. Combined, the deconstruction of eliminative materialism with regards to propositional attitude and qualia will show that the materialist position is flawed and should not be agreed with. Sellars firstShow MoreRelatedThe Need For Total Elimination Is Unjustified1122 Words   |  5 PagesPaul Churchland argues for the total elimination as opposed to smooth reduction of folk psychology with materialistic sciences to replace it in â€Å"Eliminative Materialism and The Propositional Attitudes,† on grounds that folk psychology is a theory that is primarily flawed due to a severe lack of explanatory power. Additionally has a bad historical trend of retreat and lack of progress, and does not fit well with prominent physical sciences. I will explain his argument in this paper, evaluate it forRead MoreIs Crying A Mental State? Essay1138 Words   |  5 Pagesobjection to my argument is presented by Paul Churchland with the extreme theory of eliminative materialism. So the explanatory gap would only exist, if one assumes that our concepts about the mental states refer to something. Eliminative materialism is an extreme form of physicalist monism that denies the existenc e of either anything mental or some range of mental phenomena. It questions what truly exists in the universe. The theory states that mental conscious states such as beliefs, desires, and intentionsRead MoreThe Work Cognitive Science And The Concept Of Belief, For Fodors Account Of Propositional Attitudes1404 Words   |  6 Pagesaccount of propositional attitudes. It will begin with a brief explanation of Fodor’s theory of folk psychology and his ideas of propositional attitudes, and will continue with an in depth analysis of Stich’s critique of Fodor’s representational theory of mind, specifically Stich’s discussion of the problems posed by ideological similarity and the consequences said problems have on the strength and validity of Fodor’s theory. Finally, it will conclude with my response, on the behalf of Fodor, to the problemRead MoreExplain What Simulation Theory Is And Evaluate Ravenscrofts Claim That It Is Superior1392 Words   |  6 P ages Explain what Simulation Theory is and evaluate Ravenscroft’s claim that it is superior to Theory-Theory? A contentious topic in contemporary psychology and philosophy of mind revolves around how individuals are able to determine the mental states of others; and particularly how empathetic feelings can be explained. Two primary responses come from Simulation Theory (ST) and Theory-Theory (TT). Focussing primarily on the discussion presented by Ian Ravenscroft in his essay â€Å"What is it like to beRead MoreDifferent Types Of The Mind : The Human, Animal, And Mechanical Theory1032 Words   |  5 Pages Introduction The mind is made up of numerous classes of procedures that can be studied empirically; this paper will limit this field to psychology. There are three different types of the mind: the human, animal, and the mechanic. The human mind is the paradigm of the mind; the mechanical mind exists as a challenge to materialism or mind-brain identity theory. This leads to the anti-materialist argument: intelligence is made up of levels of mental processes in which the mind is the genus and intelligenceRead MoreMaslow‚Äà ´s Hierarchy of needs1220 Words   |  5 Pagesï » ¿Maslow’s Hierarchy of needs Abraham Maslow foster the Hierarchy of Needs model in 1940-50s USA, and the Hierarchy of Needs theory remains valid today for understanding human motivation, management training, and personal development. Indeed, Maslow s ideas surrounding the Hierarchy of Needs toward the responsibility of employers to provide a workplace environment that encourages and ability of employees to carry out their own unique potential (self-actualization) are today more related than everRead MorePsychological Elements of the Crowd Essays1552 Words   |  7 Pagescollective of such minds. However, the study of crowd psychology is obligatory to enhance knowledge in many a field of study, including criminology and political science. Society’s growth and recession alike hinge on the numerous phenomena we can attribute to crowds, and hence the subject lends itself much importance to examine. This paper will go on to scrutinize what is known of crowd psychology, the phenomena involved with crowd psycho logy, and what aspects of the human mind may cause them. BecauseRead MorePsychological Perspectives On Studying Juvenile Delinquency And Disorder Behavior1642 Words   |  7 Pagesthe Integrated Cognitive Antisocial Potential theory by Farrington, all fit in psychological approach; studying the connection between personality and disorder. It will then look at Sociological approach by looking at the work of Howard Becker, Stan Cohen and Stuart Hall. This essay will be analysing and comparing their theories and separating the differences and noting the similarities in their ideas. This essay will provide evidence for each theory. It will then conclude by specifying significantRead MoreSocial Psychology Definition Paper1122 Words   |  5 PagesSocial Psychology Definition Paper Sinthia Brye PSY/ 400 August 30, 2010 Joyce Willis Social Psychology Introduction Social psychology it observes as the influence of our situations with special attention on how we view and affect one another. Social psychology perceives the way we think, influence people, and relates to others. Social psychology lies at psychology’s boundary with sociology, which sociology is the study of people in groups and societies? Social psychology is allRead MoreThe Evolution Of The Brain898 Words   |  4 PagesThe brain can essentially be thought of as a thought computer that is composed of various modules, which each perform specialized functions optimally and have been shaped to do so through natural selection. Through the evolutionary perspective, Psychology is engineering in reverse in that we begin with the whole and then dissect and understand the individual parts the whole consists of. The brain is an incredible device that performs feats that are still impossible for humans to recreate today. It

Consumerism in the United States - 1461 Words

Executive Summary Defining consumerism can be complicated. Consumerism is a term used to describe the effects of equating personal happiness with purchasing material possessions and consumption (Fritsh). In other words, consumerism is the wants and needs of people based upon standards that are set in a given society and how those people acquire wealth. Throughout history, consumerism has evolved drastically since the first records of civilized society were recorded. The evolution of consumerism in the United States can be understood by dividing it into three basic components; trade, monetary policy and the digital economy. These types of economies can also be described as the agricultural economy, the industrial economy, and the†¦show more content†¦A culture that has a high amount of consumerism is referred to as a consumer culture (Fritsh). Its the basis upon which our economy has been established. The reason people founded North America was to locate a new trading route for India. Europes intentions when investing time into North America was to generate some sort of profit for themselves. The reason the North American colonies became a self sustaining society of the United States of America was when there was a need for a free enterprise economy. According to the Funk and Wagnalls Encyclopedia; there are, of course, major differences between American consumerism and global economics. These differences concern the personal ownership of factories, farms and other enterprises (Phillips, 24). Before the Revolutionary War, there was nothing that could compare to American Consumerism. A free trade based agricultural society was the foundation of capitalism as we know it today. People trading each other goods and services for what they want or needed with minimal government interference. This was the beginning of American consumerism. The Civil War in the United States was a huge turn for the American economy. Before the Federal Reserve System, people relied mainly on gold and silver for trading if they did not wish to trade something else of value. The Federal Reserve System is regulated by the United States Treasury. It provided security for paper currency thoughShow MoreRelatedConsumerism Of The United States1411 Words   |  6 Pagesthe clothing line from the new designer that everyone hypes about? Consumerism is something that flues the fire, also known as the 21th century disease of materialism. Although an alarming issue everywhere today, I believe none is more precedent that of the United States, a society in its own right whose consumerism is as staggering as it is worrying. Why the United States? Because it is a symbol of the Western society, the consumerism capital. Further this is in conjunction with the generation of todayRead MoreAmerican Consumerism And The United States Environmental Protection Agency Essay1608 Words   |  7 Pages Regardless of what one thinks about American consumerism or our high levels of production, it is a fact that we live in a throw-away society. What that means is that we produce a lot, throw away a lot, and most things are planned to become obsolete within a few years. Recently, there has been an unprecedented effort to correct these negatives habits of our society, seeing as they can’t last forever. This effort, aptly called sustainability, is one of the most grandiose undertakings in American societyRead MoreAnalysis Of Coca Cola And Coco Frio By Martin Espada856 Words   |  4 PagesAmerican Consumerism in â€Å"Coca-Cola and Coco Frà ­o† by Martà ­n Espada In today’s world, every person in every country has a similar image in mind when they think of the United States. Common words that come to mind are ideal, lazy, superior, and consumer. These words are associated with the United States due to American consumerism, or the practice of an increasing consumption of goods. In Martà ­n Espada’s â€Å"Coca-Cola and Coco Frà ­o,† he criticizes American consumerism by relating the people of PuertoRead MoreThe Problem Of Extreme Consumerism926 Words   |  4 Pagesextreme amount of consumerism, but why exactly? What are the possible causes of extreme consumerism? Some of the few possible causes contributing to mass consumerism would include: the want for consumption, the need for consumption, and possibly even hoarders. Although many of the possible causes listed above tie together, it’s quite interesting exploring these causes of extreme consumerism and being able to shine a small light on the subject. As mentioned, extreme consumerism is what makes theRead MoreModern Society and Consumerism Essay1035 Words   |  5 PagesConsumerism is defined as â€Å"the theory that an increasing consumption of goods is economically desirable† (â€Å"Consumerism†). Its primary motivation is the idea that if one does not have all that money can buy, then he or she cannot be happy. This school of thought has become an integral part of modern society not only in the United States, but internationally as well. While the exact source of this term and ideology are debatable, it is certain now that consumerism is here to stay, intertwining withRead MoreThe Evils of Consumerism Essay1114 Words   |  5 Pagesthe 1920s, the United States enjoyed a great economic growth, which enabled millions of Americans to spend larger amounts of money. Recently invented items, such as cars, also contributed to this dramatic rise of consumerism that occurred during this period. Advertising campaig ns helped to fuel the demand for the newly invented items. However, many economists believe that this over indulgence and over spending were harbingers to the Great Depression of the 1930s. The consumerism in the 1920s pavedRead MoreUse Of The Handheld Camera And The Rise Of The Black Tourist Social Class Essay1651 Words   |  7 Pageson how the creation of the handheld camera and the rise of the black tourist social class appeared at the same time in history – in the late nineteenth century – and resulted in the documentation of wealthy blacks enjoying leisure activities in the United Sates. The article includes several of photographs taken by and of black tourists during the late 1880s into the mid-1900s. Furthermore, The Negro Motorist Green Book by Victor Hugo Green is mentioned within the article and documented through severalRead MoreFordism, Post-Fordism and the Flexible System of Production1199 Words   |  5 Pages----------------------------------------- -------- Top of Form Bottom of Form Other Free Encyclopedias  » Science Encyclopedia  » Science amp; Philosophy: Condensation to Cosh  » Consumerism - Consumerism And Mass Production, Consumerism And Post-fordism, Soap, The Politics Of Consumerism Consumerism - Consumerism And Post-fordism soap particular class world fordist consumption market mass Ads by Google Mr Power Giant Controller Saves 50% of your GEYSER costs! Pays for itself within monthsRead MoreThe History of Consumerism in America827 Words   |  3 PagesConsumerism is both a social and an economic system that is based solely on the creation and dissemination of the purchasing of goods at an ever increasing rate. After the founding of the United States, and particularly after the Civil War, America was growing by leaps and bounds. Railroads opened the West, factories increased in urban areas producing steel, building was rampant, and all of these activities took a larger labor force. Because these vast numbers of workers were unable to produce theirRead MoreHow The Consumerism Of Buying Changes One s Attitude Towards Others, Ourselves, And Our Behavior Of Responsibility1679 Words   |  7 PagesIn the United States, companies have created the average American to be a consumer. However, the consumerism mentality that most Americans have is akin to Godzilla. Rampaging on deals and the opportunity to take what they think is rightfully t heirs. My aim for this project was to discuss how the consumerism of buying changes one’s attitude towards others, ourselves, and our behavior of responsibility. Behavior of Others The Christmas season is upon us, and an event that is always relevant to discuss

Manolo Blahnik Free Essays

Manolo Blahnik has been designing shoes since 1971 and has received many prestigious awards, including three special awards from the Council of Fashion Designers of America, and the British Council’s ‘Accessory Designer of the Year’ in 1990 and 1999. Despite having had no formal training, he’s done it all: backless, heel-less, wedges, stilettos, and kittens, even platforms. Now he is one of the very few brand names that have become a synonym for the product — Hoover, Kleenex, Band-Aid, Post-it and †¦ Manolo. We will write a custom essay sample on Manolo Blahnik or any similar topic only for you Order Now He studied literature and architecture at the University of Geneva, and art at L’Ecole des Beaux-Arts and L’Ecole du Louvre in Paris. Originally, he wanted to be a set designer and took a portfolio of drawings to New York in 1971 in the hope of finding work there. Paloma Picasso, a friend from Paris, arranged for him to meet Diana Vreeland, the editor of US Vogue. When she looked at his drawings, Vreeland exclaimed: â€Å"How amusing. Amusing. You can do accessories very well. Why don’t you do that? Go make shoes. Your shoes in these drawings are so amusing. † By the late 1990s when the fashion writer and historian Colin McDowell observed Blahnik at work, he had been in command of his craft for years. The result is the book titled simply â€Å"Manolo Blahnik†. The process of creating a Manolo Blahnik shoe begins with Manolo sketching it at home in Bath, his London office or one of his northern Italian factories with a Tombo Japanese brush pen in three minutes of â€Å"firm, assured hand movements followed by precise, sharp little jabs as the details are fitted in†. â€Å"I’ve been studying the art of the shoe†¦ for over twenty years†, says Blahnik. â€Å"I know every process. I know how to cut and cut away here (the side of the shoe) and still make it so that it stays on the foot. And the secret of toe cleavage, a very important part of the sexuality of the shoe. You must only show the first two cracks. And the heel. Even if it’s twelve centimeters high it still has to feel secure – and that’s a question of balance. † Blahnik drawings exhibit the design skill and craftsmanship that footwear design demands. His design process begins with color-rich sketches that are so finely executed they are as sought-after as the shoes themselves. Some reflect nature, mostly recurring botanical themes while others are more dramatic and others still verging on the fetishistic. Some are so fragile-looking it’s impossible to imagine them withstanding the challenge of being worn; these shoes are the kind that insist you take taxis. Consider Carrie’s unforgettable one liner in Sex and the City, when she was robbed in the street: â€Å"Please sir. You can take my Fendi baguette, you can take my ring and my watch, but don’t take my Manolos Blahniks,† she pleaded. Pathos aside, the scene is testament to the gravitas attributed to Mr. Blahnik’s shoes. ‘Exquisite design sketches †¦ Blahnik’s richly colored drawings are often exuberantly exaggerated – hyper-arched with impossibly thin heels – which add to the sense of magic that imbues his designs †¦ Presented here on a grand scale †¦Ã¢â‚¬â„¢? – Metro In an interview with aRude magazine, in November last year, Blahnik talks about the technical details involved in his creative process: In relation to your shoe-drawings, are your lines more Ingres, Matisse, Picasso or Aubrey Beardsley? ? Oh, I would love to even come close to one of those geniuses. How can I compare myself to them? Sometimes I can spontaneously get immersed in Ingres and the divine purity of his brushstrokes. Matisse and Picasso always visit my mind as well. What medium do you typically draw in and why? ?I usually draw in China ink. I love the consistence and feel of the liquid. What other mediums did you experiment drawing with before arriving at your present favorite? ?I experimented with acrylic and oil paints in the 70s. Later I tried watercolors until I arrived at the ink. I have always also used the Staedtler pencils to sketch. I still use them. 3H Staedtler is my favorite. Do you prefer, in your drawing, sharp or broad lines, or a combination of both and what kind of paper do you use? ?The lines depend on the kind of paper I use. I usually use Cartridge paper. When do you employ colors and what essential role do they play in the overall harmony of your drawings? Colors play a huge role in my design process. By nature I am always inspired by very bright Mediterranean colors. I grew up with nature and flowers and beautiful landscapes, so that is always conveyed through my shoes. In 2003, Manolo Blahnik Drawings, co-authored by Anna Wintour was published. Contained within it, the book lays out his designs as brightly colored whimsies, sketches that deftl y convey the essences of his creations. As designs, the shoes are salacious cartoons of themselves, curvy and heeled, bejeweled and shimmery. Celeb quotes, interspersed throughout, heighten the spiraling sense of posturing and play. Madonna says, they are as good as sex†¦ and they last longer. His sketches are executed with exuberance and deftness that they have become as sought after as the shoes themselves. Inimitable in style, the drawings vividly convey Blahnik’s unique vision. References: www. manoloblahnik. com Wintour, A. Roberts, M. (2003). Manolo Blahnik Drawings. New York: Thames Hudson Mcdowell, C. (2000). Manolo Blahnik. U. K. : HarperCollins Ude, I. (2010, Nov. ) Manolo Blahnik’s gem-like miracles. aRude magazine. Retrieved Nov 29, 2011 from http://www. arudemag. com/in-his-shoes/ How to cite Manolo Blahnik, Essay examples

Compare and contrast The Man He Killed by Thomas Hardy and the The Charge Of The Light Brigade by Alfred, Lord Tennyson Essay Example For Students

Compare and contrast The Man He Killed by Thomas Hardy and the The Charge Of The Light Brigade by Alfred, Lord Tennyson Essay Many poets have chosen to write on controversial topic of war. Some are in favour of it and some are strongly apposed to it. Poets often choose to write about war to show the true human suffering that goes on. A good example of a poem that shows the pointlessness and sadness of war is The Man He Killed by Thomas Hardy. On the other hand, other poets have a patriotic view of war and like to show that dying for your country is honourable. A poem that celebrates soldiers bravery in battle but also shows horror of war is Tennysons poem The Charge Of The Light Brigade. It is interesting to compare the difference in the poets approaches. The Charge Of The Light Brigade describes a disastrous cavalry charge that took place during the Battle of Balaclava. It was based on the war known as Eastern War in Russia or in UK it is known as Crimean war, which took place between 1853 till 1856. Britain and France were together and they were both fighting Russia. He was the Poet Laureate. This meant that he wrote poems celebrating occasions of national importance and honouring the royal family. His poem dealt with a range of themes. Most of his poems celebrated war and shows in the whole pile of poems (The Charge of the light brigade is one of them) that dying for your country is honourable. The cavalry was given the wrong order my mistake and as they charged towards the Russians cannons they were cut down. We sense that Tennyson believed that we should celebrate and honour the brave men that gave up their life during the event but we also feel the horror and sadness of war. Honour the charge they made. On the other hand, Hardys methods are very different. In The Man He Killed Hardy presents a dramatic monologue in which the speaker is reflecting on killing another and we hear how he thinks war is futile as results oh him killing a man. He says that in a different circumstances things might have been different and instead o fighting a man he might have shared a drink with it. Hardys poem was based on the Boer War. This war took place between 1899 and 1902. The countries which took part, in the war were Britain who took on the Republic of South Africa. Britain declared War which made Hardy more devastated. During the charge of the The Charge Of The Light Brigade there is a lot of elevated and glorious language used in the poem. When can their glory fade? This showed that Alfred lord Tennyson believed that these brave men put their life and soul into trusting their military. Another way the reader enforces his elevated language is when he says Honour the charge they made, Honour the Light Brigade. Here Tennyson is trying to show us how noble and faithfully this cavalry was. There are many images we get from reading his poem. Thomas Hardy felt affronted and abhorrence for the loss of life in wars which he then reflected in his poem The Man He Killed. Late in his life he became more devoted because Germany looked as if they were going to attack Britain. Came thro the jaws of Death shows that only a few men survived the certain death but sadly many died. That statement can also be looked as a personification to the reader. All in the valley of Death gives a strong and powerful image in the readers mind. Poetry Comparision - Coming Home EssayThe last stanza is the shortest because the poet is telling his own point of view. The poem has a first syllable which has more of a stress than the next two this is called a dactylic rhythm. Each stanza varies in length, which gives it irregularity. This poem also uses enjambment. The Charge Of The Light Brigade uses fewer caesuras. This shows that the cavalry are really focused and not having any doubts about what they have been ordered to do but instead following the orders. The Charge Of The Light Brigade has an uneven rhyme scheme. Only a few lines rhyme with each other and it is not constant throughout the poem. A good example of this is Half a league, half a league. The first word has more stress and emphasis on it and you put less on the next two words. So in this case half has a strong emphasis and a league does not have as much. The dactylic rhythm mimics the galloping action of the horses. There are two very different attitudes expressed by each of the poets, one showing futile and disgust at the very thought of a war and the other showing delight and celebrations and the implying that someone that dies for their country is a very honourable and you will not be forgotten easily. The attitude expressed by Hardy is very clear and simple. War is very futile and there should not be loss of death for foolish things. Yes; quaint and curious war is! This shows how Hardy thinks about war and when he says this line he is really addressing the reader. When he says curious he is being sarcastic to reveal his belief that war is ridiculous and futile. The theme in The Charge Of The Light Bridge is pride. In this poem Tennyson tells the reader to be proud, and even though there was a complete military blunder Tennyson still makes armed forces. Tennyson mixes powerful actions with powerful imagery; he uses the words Volleyd, thunderd, plungd, reeld, and stormd. This gives powerful images and violent verbs are used in our final stanza having getting the readers emotions. The reader becomes involved in the poem in the final stanza, as we are addressed directly: Honour the charge they made. The first theme in The Man He Killed is war but the other one is brotherhood. After reflecting about the actions on the battlefield the speaker must deal with the nature of warfare. After settling his argument on why he killed the man, the stanza ends with the word although, indicating that there is more to be considered. He goes on in the next stanza to imagine how he and his victim are alike. But, perhaps because he is a simple countryman, and even though he realizes the man he killed was as human as himself, he cannot see the logical implications. The futility of this response is evident by the effort the speaker must make to reassure himself that he was justified in killing the enemy solider. Although he is relieved to find an explanation that seems to settle moral dilemma, doubts continues to trouble him: Just so-my foe of course he was; Thats clear enough; although. I prefer the poem The Charge of The Light Bridge because the point, which the poem is about that is exactly what I think about war. I believe that soldiers dying in a War should be honour and should never be forgotten. On the other hand we should also feel sorry for the loss of lives in a war. But thats how the thinks work.

Against death penalty essays

Against death penalty essays For a long time capital punishment has been thought to be flawed and unfair. It has been proven by certain civil rights groups such as the ACLU that the circumstances surrounding the murder or of the accused get more people convicted than the actual evidence against them. For example if you are poor than chances are you will get an inexperienced public attorney and are more likely to be convicted especially, if you are a minority and the victim was not, or was a police officer/government worker. The death penalty is not given because of a sense of justice but rather a sense of revenge(loaded words), the believe in an eye for en eye.(allusion). The more gruesome a murder, the more likely a judge or jury is going to give you the death penalty even if there is lack of evidence because some one has to pay and the victims family must be appeased. There have been 133 people as of Feb. 18, 2004 who have been rleased from death row, and Florida leads the U.S. with 23 exonerations. That leave s us with the question, how many innocent people were put to death before justice could really be done. Another reason why there should be an end to capital punishment is the cost. An alternative to the death penalty is life without the possibility of parole. But this idea is almost always shot down on the assumption that life imprisonment is more expensive than execution (refudiation). If you take into account all the relevant costs, however, this is just simply not true. The death penalty is not now, nor has it ever been, a more economical alternative to life imprisonment2A 1982 Study showed that were the death penalty to be reintroduced in New York, the cost of the trial lone would be more than double the cost of a life term in prison. (concrete) One of the most important reasons why you should no support the death penalty is the fact that it doesnt prevent crime. Among the experts there is an overwhelming consensus that the...

An Easy French-English Bilingual Story at the Beach

An Easy French-English Bilingual Story at the Beach Many people travel to France to enjoy its gorgeous beaches. Whether you prefer sunny â€Å"Cà ´te d’Azur†, the windy beaches or â€Å"Arcachon†, the historic â€Å"plages de Normandie† or the wild and rocky coasts of Brittany, you’ll have plenty of sea waters and beaches to choose from when traveling, for real or virtually to France. Explore the vocabulary related to beach activities with this learn French in context  story. This story is written mostly in the present tense and with simple sentence structures, so even beginners can follow the story once they have studied their  French beach vocabulary. And Now, Let's Go to the Beach! Mon mari, ma fille et moi, nous habitons en Bretagne, dans le nord-ouest de la France, en face de lAngleterre, dans une petite ville qui sappelle  «Ã‚  Paimpol  Ã‚ ». Jai de la chance car nous sommes cà ´tà © de la mer, au bord de la Manche plus prà ©cisà ©ment.   My husband, my daughter and myself, we live in Brittany, in the north-west of France, across from England, in a small town called Paimpol. I am lucky since we live by the sea, on the banks of the Channel more precisely. Ma fille Leyla et moi, nous adorons nager. Il y a une petite plage de sable 5 minutes pied de chez nous, et bien sà »r, nous y allons trà ¨s souvent. My daughter Leyla and I, we love to swim. There is a small sand beach five minutes walking distance from our house, and of course, we go there very often. Leyla a dix ans, et elle sait bien nager. Elle a pris des cours de natation la piscine avec son à ©cole, et aussi pendant les weekends, et donc vraiment elle nage bien la brasse, le crawl etc... Mais quand  elle va la plage, elle ne nage pas beaucoup : elle joue dans la mer, saute dans les petites vagues, patauge... Elle boit rarement la tasse, mais à §a arrive. Alors elle tousse, et elle replonge dans l’eau ! Elle aime bien aussi faire de grands chà ¢teaux de sable avec les autres enfants qui sont sur la plage. Leyla is ten, and she is a good swimmer. She took swimming lessons at the pool with her school, and also during the weekends, and therefore she can really swim the breaststroke,  the crawl etc well†¦ But when she goes to the beach, she doesnt swim much: she plays in the sea, jumps in the small waves, splashes around†¦ She rarely accidentally swallows sea water, but it happens. Then she coughs, and dives back in (the water)! She also enjoys making big sand castles with the other kids (who are) on the beach. Faire de la Voile = to go Sailing in French L’autre jour, Leyla a fait une journà ©e de voile avec son à ©cole. Et tout a coup, elle a vu deux dauphins !! Malheureusement, au dà ©but elle a pensà © que c’à ©tait des requins, et elle a eu trà ¨s peur... The other day, Leyla had a sailing outing with her school. And suddenly, she saw two Dolphins !! Unfortunately, at the beginning, she  thought  they  were  two sharks, and she was very scared. C’est un vrai dà ©mà ©nagement lorsque nous allons nous baigner ! Il faut prendre des pelles,  des seaux, un rà ¢teau, des serviettes de plage, et surtout ne pas oublier la crà ¨me solaire. Il fait souvent gris en Bretagne, mais le soleil est toujours l, en dessous des nuages, et il faut toujours mettre de la crà ¨me solaire pour ne pas attraper un coup de soleil. Nous ne prenons pas de  parasol, ni de chaise longue – on est en Bretagne, pas   St Trop’  !! Its like packing for a move when we go swimming! We have to take shovels, pails and a rake, beach towels and above all not forget the  sunscreen!! Its often overcast in Brittany, but the sun is always there, under the clouds, and you should always wear sunscreen so you dont get sunburnt. We dont bring a beach umbrella, nor a beach chair - were in Brittany, not Saint-Tropez !!

The Roles of The Presidents Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

The Roles of The Presidents - Essay Example Documented evidence available indicates that the administration of President Dwight David Eisenhower is considered to have been responsible for starting the war. His presidency is in fact looked at in two contexts, with the most prominent one involving the strategy he employed to wage the Cold War. He was intensely dedicated to the policy of containing socialism by deploying economic and military aid, forming defensive alliances, and finally by threatening to exercise U.S. military power (Jonathan, 2004). With the exit of the French from Vietnam, it is stated that Eisenhower decided to support the South Vietnamese President Ngo Dinh Diem believing to get some success in return. This was not to be the case With this failure, Eisenhower knew that a destructive atomic war was in the offing. Although he wanted to avert this possibility as much as possible, he was on the other prepared to employ clandestine and deliberately misleading methods to achieve his nation's national security goals (Jonathan, 2004). He had used the same strategy in Iran and later in Guatemala working through the Central Intelligence Agency. Although his party lost control of Congress, he won an overwhelming personal victory at the polls. President John F. Escalation of the conflict. President John F. Kennedy ascended into office with a conviction that America might and ought to shape the destiny of the world's developing countries. Primarily, Vietnam was not one of his mental preoccupations. In fact Vietnam was not on his list of priorities nor was it either discussed as a key issue at the transition meeting during the take over from Eisenhower. But sometime in the middle of his administration when the Vietnam issue had become more urgent, Kennedy simply remarked that Eisenhower never uttered the word Vietnam (Sylvia, 2004). He never strongly condemned the Vietnam War, an indication that he aided in its escalation. In fact it is only one of his key advisers who is known to have spoken against the war. President Kennedy started sending American forces to Vietnam in May 1961 and by the end of 1962, the military had received 11,300 US officers operating in South Vietnam, thus slowly escalating American involvement in the war. But towards the end of 1963, the war was still far from being over. This caused President Kennedy to organize the assassination of Diem of the South Vietnam regime. Before Kennedy was able to pull out 1,000 men from Vietnam at the end of the year as he had announced, was assassinated on November 22, 1963, having helped to escalate America's military, political, and maybe psychological commitment to Vietnam (Jonathan, 2004). Responsibility for America's disappointment in the Vietnam War is most squarely placed at the feet of Lyndon Johnson. It was him following President Kennedy's death in 1963 that increased America's military involvement in Vietnam and it was also during his administration that most American casualties were suffered. It is even documented that on 28 June 1966, the United States started bombing petrol, oil and lubricants facilities in the North Vietnamese cities of Hanoi and Haiphong, a move considered in many quarters as directed mainly against civilians (Jonathan, 2004). President Nixon on the other hand must be held accountable nearly as much as Lyndon Johnson for the failure of

Effective team and performance management Essay

Effective team and performance management - Essay Example Performance management is an integrated and strategic approach to deliver flourishing results in organizations, by the improvement of performance, and by building the capability of individuals and teams. Performance management is important in achieving qualitative performance and superior standards. This project deals with the functions of effective team and performance management, and how they weekly reflects on the group exercise explaining the significant success factors in the growth of a team. It describes its reflections on the experience of practical seminar activities of team and performance management. It also explains group experience from the view of group members imaging their experience. This study evaluates the principles of inter-personal relationship, tries to understand group behaviour and dynamics of organizational behaviour, by analysing the various factors that influence individual behaviour in a team. The study evaluates effective management practice and behaviou ral skills in a team environment, which generate personal as well as organisational performance impact. Regarding effective team and performance management, the study classes include four activities, and they are animal survival reflection exercise, the activity can which adapt learning skills with the level of educational achievements. Other activities are egg flying activity, Belbin’s team role and lost on the moon. These activities study group behaviour and group efforts which help n building an effective team. 2.1) Reflect on what you learned from the group exercise in week one - three (Learning outcomes 3 and 4) It was a great experience that I received during the activities in the class as a team. I enjoyed it a lot. In the group exercise, from week one to week three, I learned about the application of organizational behaviour, and the theories of learning in the context of business. I also learned the factors that influence individual behaviour in a team. In the week o ne activity, I came to know the ways to accomplish assigned work, to respect team members, and how to hold on when the group falls beyond its expectations. The team began to perform well in norming stage. â€Å"Groups can also exert enormous in?uence on individuals through the medium of norms† (International Relations and Group Processes n.d) Each individual began by contributing their best for the improvement of the team. As a result of this, more effort was exerted by the group thereby bringing harmonious relation among the team members. All group members presented themselves at the meeting on time, so that they could closely follow the proceedings of the meeting, and no one was supposed to interrupt the meeting by arriving late at the venue. I, as a team member also learned about how to behave in a meeting, when to present our own opinions, if any; and to encourage silent members in the group to speak out. Decisions were made by the unanimous support of the team members. à ‚   A significant factor of success in the growth of a team, depends on the concept that all players in the team are equal in decision making; and that every team member is valued, and that they that contribute well for the team. All members should be honest in their communication, and should speak frankly without hurting the self-esteem of co-members. The active participation of team members in

In the instruction Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

In the instruction - Essay Example The cartoon is specifically designed to portray the reasons that made Omar J. Gonzalez illegally enter into statehouse. In the cartoon, the fence jumper is certain that his access to higher utility is blocked by the fence. People on the other side are better off but slightly neglect the rest; he says â€Å"I bet they have Great candy there.† Phil leaves it to the reader to make a conclusion whether the man had been humiliated or not, given that his luggage is labeled ‘trick or treat.’ As matter of fact, since the war against Iraq started, many veterans came home wounded while some had severe mental incapacities despite the president making great promises to curb their mistreatment. In this cartoon, Phil targets the public, who are criticizing the man’s effort to seek some recognition. His friend represents the general public who can’t see the nice buildings on the other end and thus demotivates the fence jumper from accomplishing his mission. Handy, Phil. "Fence jumper." Wisconsin state journal 25  Oct.  2014: n. pag. Web.

Gattaca Film Synopsis and Analysis

Gattaca Film Synopsis and Analysis Gattaca is a film regarding not only the troubling implications of excessive gene therapy, but also how it could be used in a sort of dystopian society where your genetic profile divides you into different castes. This society is one in which enough money can buy you the ideal designer child not only free of genetic defects but also with superior physical attributes. The main character is one of the few people born without genetic tampering. He is not expected to live very long as he has a congenital heart defect, but he has a dream to become an astronaut, one which he can never attain. The sort of funny thing about this is that someone in his condition would be unable to become an astronaut today, not only due to his heart problems but also his myopia. Regardless he is subject to genetic discrimination, because he has these problems he is considered a low class citizen. Another character, named Jerome, is meant to have the best genetic profile ever created and is an all-star swimmer . Even though he has been designed to be the best, he only takes second in a swimming competition. This being too much to bear, of course, leads to him attempting suicide. He manages to only paralyze himself from the waist down. The main character Vincent is then able to buy his identity, by increasing his height, using contacts matching Jeromes eye color and also obtaining blood, urine and tissue samples to pass any genetic tests. Vincent is now an imposter, and although the legal ramifications would not be too extreme, if he was found out the social repercussions would be monumental. He is shirking all of the social mores set up by this society of genetic castes. He quickly obtains a job at the Gattaca Aerospace Corporation through only a urine test, because his fake genes are so impressive. Vincent then proceeds to eventually achieve his goal of becoming an astronaut and leaves for Saturns moon, Titan. Jerome on the other had ends up committing suicide using an incinerator in his house, wearing his silver medal, as the rocket takes off. The irony of this whole movie is that Vincent who was seen as a second class citizen due to his genetic makeup was able to achieve his dreams through sheer determination and force of will. But, Jerome who had been groomed to be almost some sort of ubermensch, failed, despite his genetics. The thing that makes this movie really interesting and applicable today is that some of these genetic screening processes already exist today. And it doesnt seem entirely unfeasible that most if not all of these genetic therapy processes will be possible in the next ten to twenty years. Now I do not believe that our society will fall into the complete dystopia that was the case in the movie, but at the same time most people today are so vain that they would probably dump some money into genetically purifying their children. So although we may not fall into an absolute caste system based on genetics, certain parts of genetic screening could be applied to facets of our everyday lives that may have slightly malicious consequences. Imagine having to go through a genetic screening in order to apply for health insurance. If you had markers for too many genetic defects the insurance company may see you as an unnecessary risk and reject you. In which case how could you be expected to pay for all of your own medical expenses. If there is any blame to be assigned to anyone for the state of the society in the film, it is to the citizens in that society who allowed things to get so out of hand. I could see the government running propaganda campaigns attempting to make the genetic purity of the nation the way to a better tomorrow. But, the way that everyone would have had to have bought this idea and allow the government and the corporations to run away with such a concept is insane. Its not entirely unheard of though, in Nazi Germany genetic purity of the Arian race was paramount among everyone and the one extreme that the movie did not go to was that instead of just being discriminated against people who were seen with inferior genes were executed. Gattaca basically demonstrates a soft version of eugenics. Even though you are seen as having defective genes, you are still allowed to live, just not to the extent that the more genetically superior people are. I suppose that a lot of blame could be put on whoev er the insane person that was put into power who was trying to push these ideals, but then again in a republic the blame falls back on the people. The general message of Gattaca is that its not so much what your born into but how much youre willing to strive to overcome obstacles and achieve your goals. So if policies like these do come into place hopefully people would see this as a cautionary tale. Like I said earlier, were probably not too far off from being able to completely genetically engineer a child, the strange thing about having a genetically engineered child is that, at that point is it even your child? Like sure you care for it and birthed it but, it carries none of your genes. It leads to a perversion of the prime directive of life, to carry on ones own genes. The other takeaway from the movie is that while genetic screening is not in and of itself evil, and is actually a major medical advancement that can lead to much healthier lives for people. But when taken in a direction such as it was taken in the film it can lead to discrimination and prejudice based off of things that are out of anyones control. As a cautionary tale Gattaca does evoke some ideas for what could be done to prevent such things from happening. It should be insured that all genetic screening information remain private, only between the medical professionals and the patients. Im pretty sure that there are laws already in place to prevent genetic information from becoming public. The popular genetic screening service 23andme used to give out medical information from genetic samples, including markers and health risk factors to people who requested screenings. This is no longer done, because it could involve a serious breach in confidentiality in addition to possibly unnecessarily scaring people into thinking they had something seriously wrong with them. Medical genetic screenings should only ever be done by medical personnel with the express purpose of helping the patient. Screening to see if your child is going to be the next Usain Bolt is not only not what the purpose of these screenings is or should be, but also is just unethical because of the standards that that child would be held to in life. Much like Jerome, who was meant to become the best and most athletic swimmer but only took second in the competition. Where normally second place is still an incredible achievement, in this scenario where the person is meant to be the best, second is seen as a failure. Gattaca is a story set not far into the future, and pretty soon it will be set in the present. Genetic screenings, while having their place in medicine can also be very volatile if their usage expands beyond that. Using genetic screening to get ahead of the ball, so to speak, on medical issues is a very valuable asset to doctors and patients alike. However, using someones genetics as a way to screen for a job or healthcare benefits or in any other fashion that impacts where their place is in society is not only scary but exceptionally unethical.

Essay --

Taylor Sakamoto AP/IB English 3 IB Paper P.6 In the novel Woman at Point Zero the author, Nawal El Saadawi, retells the life story of Firdaus, the main character, a tragic hero who rebels against the social norms within her oppressive culture seeking the same respect and prestige that is bestowed upon her male oppressors, only to be executed for her attempt to obtain the same privileges as men. This essay will demonstrate how the aspects and expectations of Egyptian culture influence Firdaus’s decisions as she struggles to be her own woman in a society controlled by dictatorial political and patriarchal structures all while exposing the evident discontentment she has with the way Egyptian society views women, and the glorification of things that go against ideal societal structures. Firdaus’s culture shapes her to become the resilient and insubordinate woman she is when she tells Saadawi her story. She starts out having a happy childhood where her mother lovingly cared for her. She describes her mother’s eyes as undefined by color nor shape but states that her mother’s eyes â€Å"were eyes that [she] watched. They were eyes that watched [her]. Even when [she] disappeared from their view, they could see [her], and follow [her] wherever [she] went, so that if [she] faltered while learning to walk, they would hold [her] up† (page 15). This fairly intimate descriptions of eyes, demonstrates how in Egyptian culture eye contact is very important as it conveys a sense of closeness as well as power; the way Firdaus’s mother watches out for her establishes that her family was indeed close knit and played a huge role early on in her life because the eyes that seem to always be present, would guide her to conform to society’s stand ards. The des... ...n as westernization occurs. Woman at Point Zero, written by Nawal El Saadawi, effectively rebels and defies the tyrannical administrative and male-controlled structures that are meant to oppress women in Egypt. This novel does this by telling of Firdaus’s bold life, the blatant dissatisfaction with the way her culture attempts to reduce the importance of women by objectifying them to nothing more than domestic servants, and the glorification of things that go against their customary values. Through her struggles, she becomes her own woman, and ultimately dying for her belief that she is inferior to no man in the process. This discontentment and glorification are made very evident throughout this novel as she disregards the cultural standards that Egyptian society expects her to uphold; and seem to be intertwined within Firdaus’s story on almost every single page.

Contrasting the View of the Ultimate Reality in Relation to Science Essay

What compels mankind to seek unity between, science and religion, two compartmentalized and distinct aspects of our world? John Polkinghorne states, in â€Å"Does God Act in the Physical World†, â€Å"The demand for an integrated account of both theological and scientific insight impels us to the task† (Polkinghorne 59). Yet Polkinghorne is not alone is his quest; in â€Å"Emptiness and Form† Fritjof Capra connects the ultimate reality with the physical world. While Polkinghorne and Capra agree on certain ideals, such as the man’s inability to fully grasp the ultimate and the incorporation of quantum mechanics in each one’s respective argument, they also contrast in terms of the religions they use to defend their argument. This leads to differences in their views on the ultimate and His interaction with the physical world. While this leads to two distinct and diverse arguments, I believe that both arguments are equally presented in a reputable and successful manner. At one point in each of their respective arguments, Polkinghorne and Capra clearly state that the understanding of the ultimate reality cannot be fully understood by humankind. Polkinghorne writes, â€Å"We are a long way from a full understanding of our own powers of agency, let alone how it is that God works in the world† (Polkinghorne 74). Due to our limited minds and capabilities, mankind will never be able to fully grasp the ultimate reality in its full essence. It is quite mindboggling, if not impossible, to fully understand the ultimate reality, when it is as an infinite and omnipresent being. â€Å"The reality underlying all phenomena is beyond all forms and defies all description and specification† (Capra 211). The professor who taught my freshman Colloquium on Science and Religion once stated that God cannot be put in a test tube. While he did say this statement as a means to refute the existence of an ultimate reality, his assertion is valid; there is only so much we can know about the divine. It is crucial that both Polkinghorne and Capra affirm this position in order to clarify that while it is possible to unify the ultimate reality with the physical world, we will never fully understand the relationship. In evolution terms, there seems to be a â€Å"missing link† that allows us to connect both aspects. Also, both Polkinghorne and Capra use the ideas and concepts of quantum mechanics as premises when connecting the ultimate reality with the physical world. Capra’s discussion of electrons and photons becomes the premise for one of his deductions. Capra writes, â€Å"The full interaction between the electrons will involve a series of photon exchanges†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (216). This leads to the assertion that there are no true forces in the subatomic world but that these interactions are due to the exchange of particles, that according to the quantum field theory are created and destroyed (Capra 217). These two premises lead Capra to state, â€Å"The electromagnetic forces are due to the presence of virtual photons ‘within’ charged particles†¦[and]†¦the forces between particles appear as intrinsic properties of the particles. † After deducing this premise Capra goes on to say, â€Å"Such a view of forces is also characteristic of Eastern mysticism which regards motion and change as essential and intrinsic properties of all things† (221). In order to clarify this statement he utilizes aspects of Chinese religion and explains how this assumption of quantum mechanics is connected to the ultimate reality. Like Capra, Polkinghorne makes use of the theories and ideas of quantum mechanics as premise to relate the ultimate with the physical. One of the ideas he uses is the chaos theory. The theory says that events in a chaotic system are random but Polkinghorne employs this theory in his argument in order to show how deterministic chaos is not a valid argument, which will eventually lead to his idea of an open system. He says, â€Å"A chaotic system is not totally ‘chaotic’ in the popular sense, corresponding to absolutely random behavior. † There are certain possibilities known as a â€Å"strange attractor† and its limited to a certain extent, but this â€Å"detailed future behaviour of a chaotic system is unknowable† (Polkinhorne 52). Later on in his argument, Polkinghorne discusses the idea of deterministic chaos and consider it from a different viewpoint. He writes: Instead of adopting the conventional strategy of saying this shows that simple determinism underlies even apparently complex random behavior, I prefer the realist strategy of seeking the closest alignment of ontology and epistemology†¦[which] has the additional advantage of accommodating the notion of top-down causality in a natural way (Polkinghorne 64). The premise of top-down causality leads to his connection of the ultimate reality with the physical world and that God interacts with the world in a top-down fashion. If the ultimate reality does truly interact with the world, then this will lead to the discussion of an open system in which Polkinghorne also uses the basis of quantum mechanics in order to make a postulation. Another major theories Polkinghorne frequently refers to in his argument is the Heisenberg’s uncertainty principle, which states that we cannot simultaneously know the position and momentum of any particle (53). This idea of uncertainty in the physical world is the premise that leads to Polkinghorne’s assumption of the universe as an open system. He writes, â€Å"The ‘gaps’ of quantum uncertainty operate only in particular circumstances†¦to produce an openness at the lever of classical physics† (Polkinghorne 60). While Polkinghorne advocates the idea of an open system, it is evident that his counter partner, Capra, sees the universe as a closed system. One of the major differences between Capra and Polkinghorne is the concept of a closed system versus an open system. Capra respectively agrees and accepts with the view of the universe as a closed system. Capra explains this concept by first explaining the idea of matter and empty space or the full and the void. He discusses how these are interconnected. â€Å"The two cannot be distinguished† (Capra 208). In Eastern religions, this Void â€Å"has an infinite creative potential†¦[which]†¦like the quantum field, it gives birth to an infinite variety of forms which it sustains and eventually reabsorbs† (Capra 212). The notion of it sustaining itself and reabsorbing leads to the idea of a system that is set up and is able to maintain itself without the help of an ultimate being. Buddhism expressed this idea of form and emptiness in a single whole entity. Capra quotes, â€Å"‘Form is emptiness, and emptiness is indeed form. Emptiness is not different from form, form is not different from emptiness. What is form that is emptiness, what is emptiness that is form’† (215). Also, Capra states that this form and emptiness is elevated into a vacuum diagram that â€Å"contains an unlimited number of particles which come into being and vanish without end. † This â€Å"physical vacuum†¦contains the potentiality for all forms of the particle world† (Capra 222). This system implies that the relationship between the ultimate reality and the physical world is one where the divine has set up system and does not intervene in our world. This premise eventually leads to the idea that there is no free will and that the universe is determined. This view of the universe completely changes the way we perceive the world. Without free will morals and ethics lose validity and are worthless to society. It is quite evident that Polkinghorne disagrees with this concept and presents his views of an open system. Polkinghorne would classify the idea of a universe as an closed system under â€Å"a minimalist response [which] is to decline to speak of particular divine actions and to confine theological talk to the single great act of holding the universe in being. † Polkinghorne believes that most scientists do not even consider this notion of a minimalist to be valid. He states that while God did establish the laws and set up the universe, this does not impede his interaction in the universe (Polkinghorne 54). He sees the connection between the ultimate reality and the physical world as â€Å"relating divine agency to human agency. † Polkinghorne explains, â€Å"When we act, we seem to do so as total beings† (57). Therefore God acts in the same as humans do, but it is seen as a God in relation to his creation. This premise leads to the top-down notion of the parts depending on the whole. With this top-down premise, Polkinghorne strengthens his argument of an open system by exhibiting that we are dependent on God, whether through the establishment of the laws or divine intervention in the universe. Polkinghorne also classifies the closed system as a â€Å"block universe†. He writes, â€Å"It is sometimes claimed that science endorses the alternative view that the universe ‘is’ rather than ‘becomes’† (Polkinghorne 68). This implies that the universe has a certain determinacy and that God does not act in the universe. Since the universe â€Å"is†, then it is conclusive that God must know the future because it is already determined. The view of the open system appears to be more logical and realistic, but at the expense of God’s infinite and omnipresent capabilities. He says, â€Å"†¦it is the universe of becoming that is the correct picture, then surely God must know it in its temporality, as it actually is. God must not just know that events are successive; they must be known in their succession† (Polkinghorne 69). While I agree that the universe is an open system, it cannot be at the expenditure of God. Say a person is on a roof looking down at an intersection; he can see all and everything laid out before him. He observes two cars coming at the intersection at the same time and foresees an accident. This is analogous to God and the universe, where God is in a position to see all and foretell all. Obviously, this is not a perfect analogy since the person is constricted by time and therefore could be incorrect in his assumptions. Therefore, if we accept the premise that God is infinite and outside the constricts of time, then we can conclude that God or the ultimate reality knows the future in an open system. The most crucial difference between the arguments of Polkinghorne and Capra is their definition of the ultimate reality. In each of their respective claims, the view of the ultimate reality has a drastic effect on the outcome of each argument. The belief in certain characteristics of an ultimate reality is important when there is an attempt to connect it to the physical world. Through further analysis of both arguments, it is evident that the difference between Polkinghorne and Capra is basically a Western Religion versus Eastern Religion discussion. It is evident that Capra takes the side of Eastern Religion; his book is titled The Tao of Physics: An Exploration of the Parallels Between Modern Physics and Eastern Mysticism. Throughout his argument he constantly refers to the ideas and beliefs of religions such as Buddhism, Taoism, and Chinese religion. He quotes from their texts in an attempt to connect their ultimate reality with the physical world. On the other hand, Polkinghorne utilizes Western religion as a means of connecting the ultimate reality with the physical world. Specifically he uses the values and teachings of Christian traditions. He says that the discussion of the unity of the ultimate reality and the physical world is â€Å"a perennial issue on the Christian agenda† (Polkinghorne 48). One aspect of the arguments that I found to be perplexing was the use of the same laws of the physical world as at he basis of each author’s respective argument. Obviously, Polkinghorne and Capra have their own agenda and argument. Therefore, what does this say about the laws of the physical world; can they simply manipulate to agree with any form of the ultimate? This cannot be valid or then the laws of the physical world can be disfigured in order to fit any belief system or value; either Polkinghorne must be right and Capra wrong, or vice versa. We cannot accept this dualistic view of the world that the universe can be open in some instances and closed in others. Yet, this view arises when we fail to realize that there is one ultimate reality or truth. If there was one truth, then there would only be one way to connect this ultimate to the physical world. At the same time, we cannot say that Polkinghorne is correct and Capra is wrong, or vice versa. If the premises that they base their arguments off are valid then we cannot deduce which argument is better, but only say that it is a conflict of realities. The success of the arguments lies in the belief of the premises of the religious and physical world. Faith is the true deciding factor that will allow us to declare a winner in this pursuit of the unity of the ultimate reality and the physical world. If we assume that the premises of the physical world and quantum mechanics in each argument to be the same, then the only significant difference between each argument is the view of the ultimate reality. Since I have Christian traditions and beliefs I would strongly side with Polkinghorne’s argument. Yet, if there is a person who has no solid beliefs, then these two arguments would seem valid and justifiable in their eyes, due to their lack of knowledge of the ultimate reality.

Free Essays on Pridge And Prejudice Plot Summary

In 1813, Jane Austen published Pride and Prejudice. In this humorous, yet earnest story, Elizabeth Bennet, an unyielding and spirited character, meets a contrasting young man, Mr. Darcy. Darcy is visiting Charles Bingley, the handsome and wealthy bachelor who has recently moved to the Bennet’s hometown of Loungborne. Through the winding, fairytale-like love story of these two retrograde personalities, Elizabeth discovers Mr. Darcy’s haughtiness and imposing character is quite different than expected. His feelings toward Elizabeth evolve from arrogance to love over the course of the page-turning novel. Elizabeth chases her tail searching for truth in this epic love story and her entertaining, estrogen-bubbling family seeks matrimonial pursuits for each daughter. To Mrs. Bennet’s hopeful delight, Mr. Bingley takes a liking to her graceful daughter Jane. But when the Bingleys and Darcy suddenly and without word leave the manor of Netherfield, intending to return to London, Jane’s heart is broken. Wickham, a handsome young soldier, notifies Elizabeth that Mr. Darcy had heartlessly cheated him out of an inheritance. The story continues weaving vignettes of the Bennet girls searching, through their thoughts and their travels, for the reality of the rumors and intentions of the men in their lives. Pride and Prejudice paints a colorful picture of the pursuits of a family seeking wealth and love through marriage for their daughters in the nineteenth century.... Free Essays on Pridge And Prejudice Plot Summary Free Essays on Pridge And Prejudice Plot Summary In 1813, Jane Austen published Pride and Prejudice. In this humorous, yet earnest story, Elizabeth Bennet, an unyielding and spirited character, meets a contrasting young man, Mr. Darcy. Darcy is visiting Charles Bingley, the handsome and wealthy bachelor who has recently moved to the Bennet’s hometown of Loungborne. Through the winding, fairytale-like love story of these two retrograde personalities, Elizabeth discovers Mr. Darcy’s haughtiness and imposing character is quite different than expected. His feelings toward Elizabeth evolve from arrogance to love over the course of the page-turning novel. Elizabeth chases her tail searching for truth in this epic love story and her entertaining, estrogen-bubbling family seeks matrimonial pursuits for each daughter. To Mrs. Bennet’s hopeful delight, Mr. Bingley takes a liking to her graceful daughter Jane. But when the Bingleys and Darcy suddenly and without word leave the manor of Netherfield, intending to return to London, Jane’s heart is broken. Wickham, a handsome young soldier, notifies Elizabeth that Mr. Darcy had heartlessly cheated him out of an inheritance. The story continues weaving vignettes of the Bennet girls searching, through their thoughts and their travels, for the reality of the rumors and intentions of the men in their lives. Pride and Prejudice paints a colorful picture of the pursuits of a family seeking wealth and love through marriage for their daughters in the nineteenth century....

Workers Union essays

Workers Union essays 1. I do not believe that it is wrong for companies to replace striking workers. If it was against the law to replace those workers, different companies would have employees going on strike everyday. I understand that there are some circumstances where a company may not be paying their employees enough to get by, but there are employees out there that would go on strike just because they want, not need, but want more money. I believe that if the replacement workers are doing a better job than the former employees, and they are satisfied with the pay, then why not hire them permanently? 2. Of course, the first negative that comes to mind when you think of replacing strike workers is the fact that there are going to more people added to the unemployed list if you replace the strike workers. Some companies may lose profit from potential customers if the customers feel like the company does not care for their employees. And, like in Firestones case, if the new employees do not do as good of a job, the products being produced may be of lesser quality. 3. When a union goes on strike, the workers on strike lose their pay for whatever time period they are on strike. They also face the chance of losing their job permanently. The companies may have to eventually give in to the strike losing profit, and as I said in question 2, customers may see the company differently, and if they replace the workers permanently, the products may be of lesser quality. 4. Would I cross a picket line and fill the job of a striking worker? The first thing that comes to my mind is the strikes in baseball. Its just ridiculous. Baseball players get a minimum of $250,000 a year. Thats the minimum, and if you cant live on that, you are out of your mind. Most teams only have one or two guys on the roster that are getting paid that little. In this circumstance, yes I would cross a picket line in a heartbeat. I wouldnt ...

Spirituality in Nursing Care Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3750 words

Spirituality in Nursing Care - Essay Example This essay shall first reflect on the EBL process, and then critically discuss the main issues raised in the EBL presentation on the identified concept. Finally, it shall conclude by considering an example of one patient from my clinical practice and evaluate the implication of the concept in the practice. The Gibbs Reflection Model shall be used to reflect on the learning process in this EBL experience. This reflection model is based on the description of the event, what I felt about the event, my evaluation, analysis, conclusion, and action plan for the event. Description of the event At the start of our EBL presentation, we met with our facilitator. We presented the concept to the group as a means of familiarizing the members to the concept and as a means of clarifying what we would be carrying out as a group. The group was given the scenario and the trigger word was spirituality. Each group member was then given a clear duty to accomplish in the presentation. There were three mai n members, including that of the chair, the scriber, and the facilitator. The chair’s role was to maintain order in the group, to agree upon what was achieved during the sessions, and to set dates and times to meet. The role of the scriber was to keep a record of the decisions and agreements of the group, and email it to the members. The facilitator’s role was to ensure that the group was working on the EBL processes and to provide feedback after the presentation. The other group members had various roles to play, mostly on searching for useful information on the topic from the journals, textbooks, or library resources. Feelings At the beginning of the project, I felt nervous and excited at the same time because I did not know how the group work process would work and I was also not sure how I was going to take part in the activity. I was also apprehensive about how other members would react to my contribution. However, even though I was nervous or hesitant, I was conf ident with my skills of leadership, sharing, task allocation, task completion, of meeting deadlines; and on the useful skills I have gained from my previous group work and my work experiences. I was able to gain more confidence when we started our group meeting and I realised that my point of view was taken into account and all my ideas were welcomed by the group. Then I was also able to contribute to the group work by doing the research and giving feedback to the group. Finally I was pleased by the fact that as an individual I could contribute to the group and that the group was also able to trust me and my work. This gave further support to Reid’s statement when he said that â€Å"group work is a mutual support in which an individual and the members of group are engaged on the enterprise of carrying out the group’s common goals†. Evaluation (What was good and bad about the experience?) The presentation was good in general as the aim was clearly explained in th e introduction and the reader had good eye contact with the audience.

Captivity Narrative Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Captivity Narrative - Assignment Example My memory has not made me any justice yet, I could not recollect how I had gotten into this mess. The door opened, creakily. My heart beat fast, my tongue stuck as a huge figure, roughly six feet tall entered, probably male. The dark hood over his head ensured anonymity. The light that shone from the corridor made him even scarier. Slowly, it began to dawn on me. Walking from school, I had decided to use a shorter route to get home. My friend was a guest that day on a popular TV show so I got home earlier and catch up everything he said. Passing through this alley that was deserted and lonely, my instinct was spooked. However, the wave of excitation was stronger than it, so I proceeded. After all, the home was just a few meters away. I didn’t see anyone. He was quick and effective. How he carried me to this location is a mystery I am yet to unravel. But judging from the figure that stood at the door, it was easy to work for him. He had water and bread slices. He threw them at me, and since my choices were limited I ate as much as I could. I had no slightest idea what he wanted from me. Neither was he in a hurry to tell me He left and came back in approximately half an hour, accompanied by another man, a little shorter with an untidy mustache. He asked for my parent's contact and I obliged, then thinking it was a kidnap for ransom. I was threatened that if they didn’t cooperate I would be tortured, that death only wasn’t good enough for them. That is when they got my full attention. I am a sucker for pain and that idea sent wild ideas in my head, I thought of an escape but my options were just wild. Two hours later they came back, and this time around, there were in no mood of talking. The shorter guy started yelling angrily, his face turning red. Apparently, the contacts I had given him were not the ones he wanted, I tried explaining myself but from with my dry throat, I could only mumble few words. He didn’t care kicks and blows rained at an astounding speed. Initially, I tried to resist, but it was useless. I resigned to just sheltering my face. My initial screams were reduced to just mere whimpers as I became numb and number, and finally passing out.

Emerging Technology 3-D Transistors Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Emerging Technology 3-D Transistors - Essay Example It is in line with this that manufacturers of memory cells, particularly, Intel have been concerned with ways of enhancing the performance level of transistors that are mounted on memory cells for various mobile devices, particularly smart phones. The new technology that has emerged from Intel is 3-D transistors. 3-D transistors have been said to be a technical form of Tri-Gate that has been set to advance over the traditional two-dimension gate, which was in flat construction. With the advancement, the two-dimensional planar is replaced with three-dimensional silicon fin that ensures that the silicon substrate is raised up vertically. This emerging technology has been said to be necessary because it is no longer becoming possible to cram transistors in two-dimensional gates to make the Moore’s Law of doubling the number of transistors on a silicon device every two years possible. Keywords – processor; transistors; 3-D transistors; tri-gate; mobile device; memory cell; Moore’s Law; fin; silicon; advancement; dimensional; chips I. INTRODUCTION The cell phone industry has grown to heights that can be described as the most phenomenal in decades since the introduction of the technology. There are indeed a number of factors that have aided in the rapid growth of the cell phone industry, particularly due to the efficiency and effectiveness of the various components of technologies that come together to make up the holistic cell phone industry. One of such components of technologies that cannot be overlooked is the performances of cell phones that have made them versatile to performing a number of functions, including advanced memory cells. It would be noted however that the making and functionality of these memory cells are always based on the mounting of transistors (Han and Wentzlo, 2010). these transistors have always been in place to enhance energy efficiency and monitor the speed of processors, ensuring that the cell phones and other mobile technology devices can undertake processes input in them quite easily (Joyner, Zarkesh-Ha, and Meindl, 2001). With this function of transistors in mobile devices, it is very clear to note that these mobile devices including new forms of smart phones cannot be integrated with component array of functionalities if they do not have an effective transistor base to regulate energy efficiency and processor speed (Apte, Doering, and Gargini, 2007). It is in line with this that the focus of most memory cell makers has been on the need to enhance the efficacy of transistors. This paper serves as a survey paper to critically analyze the works of existing reviewers on a particular new technology in the line of transistors, which are 3-D transistors. Intel’s 3-D transistors are used as a model. II. SURVEY FINDINGS A. Intel’s Motivation to go 3-D Since the emergence of this 3-D transistors idea, transistors were generally mounted on 2-D platforms, called the 2-D planer 2-D gate (Di etrich and Haase, 2012). Various researchers have therefore tried to find out what the motivation of Intel to go 3-D could be. In this, it has been identified that the major motivation behind the emerging technology of 3-D transistors is Moore’s Law (Davis et al, 2005). Chang, Zuo, Wang, Yu, and Boning (2012) notes that Moore’s Law states that â€Å"the number of transistors per chip will double roughly every two years.† By implication, the memory cell that houses the chips must be in a position to

George Orwell 1984 Essay Example for Free

George Orwell 1984 Essay In George Orwells 1984, Winston Smith and Julia live in Oceania, where their actions become a subversive force that the Party must control. Oceania, located in Europe, represents a totalitarian society in its purest form during the 1940s. Many aspects of Wilsons and Julias daily life in Oceania are monitored and controlled by the Party. From the telescreen to the thought police, every action is under constant surveillance. In order to rebel against Big Brother, Winston and Julia commit a series of crimes without knowing that OBrian, a member of the Inner Party, is watching them intently. OBrian then deceives Winston and Julia into believing that he is part of the revolutionary group called the Brotherhood. Winston and Julias betrayal becomes inevitable after their capture because of the psychological supremacy of OBrian and the Party. Winstons physical and mental torture and brainwashing by OBrian and the Ministry of Truth in the name of the Party is what ultimately leads to his psychological break down. Winstons rebellious character portrays him as a radical, who has the strength to defy the party and its principles. Winston and Julia secretly meet and it becomes apparent that she shares his rebellious ways. Learning that she has engaged in sexual acts with numerous Inner Party members, Winston finds hope. Winston and Julia, however, rebel against the Party for different reasons. Winston wants to end the harsh oppression of the party while Julias rebellious acts are more self-centered. Winston first demonstrates his hatred of the Party and Big Brother when he writes in his diary DOWN WITH BIG BROTHER. He knows at that very moment a camera might see the written words on the page. Winston continues to flirts with possible arrest by the Thought Police for a thought crime, which is any written or though of rebellion against the Party. Julias rebellious behavior is more to gratify herself, rather then the destruction of the party. Julia defies the party in search of personal pleasure. She is content with her life in Oceana because she does not consider a better life not under the oppression of the Party. Julia is interested in the present time with Winston, rather than in exposing the Inner Party secrets. Julia is more rational then Winston because she sets up secret gatherings in places where she knows they will be safe. At Winstons  and Julias first private meeting, Julias true colors begin to shine. Cautiously, Winston asks, Have you done this before? and Julia replies, Of course. Hundreds of times-well, scores of times, anyway replied Julia. Here Julia enlightens Winston about the corruption within the Party, which is music to his ears. Winston is pleased to hear that corruption exists within the Inner Party because the Party is supposed to have very strict rules and regulation that do not allow corruption wi thin. Winston knows that any anarchy that exists within the Party is a sign that corruption can take over and lead to the Partys defeat. Winston believes the Proles are the only group who can organize and revolt against the party. Winston considers the Proles, who are outside of the Outer Party and who live in the worst conditions as the main laborers in Oceania, as human beings, while he mentions, we are not human. At this point Winston has complete disregard for the Party even though any thought against the Partys ways means death. Winston reckons that hope for freedom lay only in the hands of the Proles and in turn, the Proles are the only source of revolt for Winston. Even though Winston and Julia start helping each other, they eventually commit crimes that lead to each others betrayal. Their subversive behavior comes to the attention of the Party and eventually leads to their capture. Winston and Julia arrange secret times to meet in the forest and in the upstairs bedroom of Mr. Charringtons shop. They do this even though they are well aware of the fact that the Party would vaporize citizens of Oceania who are considered threats and have their entire existence erased. After the capture of Winston and Julia, OBrian tortures Winston physically and psychologically to the point where there is no emotion left inside him, besides the love for Big Brother. But it was all right, everything was all right, the struggle was finished. He had won the victory over himself. He loved Big Brother. There is no will to fight left within Winston. The only things that he held with importance were Julia and the idea that one day, the Brotherhood would thrive. OBrian breaks him down and takes away the one person he cherished. When he loses his feelings towards Julia, all of his will is lost and the only love he has is for Big Brother. OBrian does not want to simply torture Winston, but to psychologically force him to forget his past ways and accept Big Brother. Even though OBrian is able to successfully brainwash Winston and Julia into contradicting their prior beliefs, at first Julia still thinks that the Party can make you say anything-anything- but they cant make you believe it. They cant get inside you. Soon, however, she figures out that this is utterly wrong. Julia is ignorant as to how much power the Party holds. She believes that they could force you to say anything, but could never force you to feel or think a certain way. In reality, OBrian does indeed have the psycholog ical power to not only make one believe something, but to wish it as well. They cant get inside you, she had said. But they could get inside you. What happens to you here is forever, OBrian had said. Here Julia and Winston realize how wrong they are. OBrian uses the only thing in the world that can make Winston betray Julia. OBrian breaks Winston down with the torture and at this point he realizes he no longer feels the same way for Julia because he has betrayed her. At the time when it happens, she had said, you do mean it. He had meant it. He had not merely said it, he had wished it. Winston was no longer mentally capable to withstand OBrians force to change him. By means of torture OBrian physically and mentally forces the love of Big Brother upon Winston. OBrian accomplishes this goal by the torture in room 101. The room plays a significant role when Winston is locked up in the Ministry of Truth because a fellow prisoner tells him that he would do anything not to return to room 101. The room instills a sense of fear into Winston. OBrian cleverly sets Winston up so that the only way out of room 101 is to place someone else in his shoes. OBrian wants Wilson to betray Julia, and when faced with his greatest fears he breaks down and says, Do it to Julia! Do it to Julia! Not me! Julia! I dont care what you do to her. Tear her face off, strip her to the bones. Not me! Julia! Not me! Winston is put against the one thing in the world that he loves. OBrian believes that in time of fear one will do anything to get himself out of the situation. He wants Winston to give up Julia because he knows that she is  the one person that could raise Winstons s pirits. Once Winston betrays Julia, he can no longer confine in her and therefore ultimately forced to be alone. Winston has no choice but to confine in and seek the love of Big Brother. The subversive force the Party had to control was Julias sexuality and Winstons pursuit for the truth. They had to contain it before Winstons beliefs spread to the people of Oceana. The Thought police would observe the people and cameras on the streets, so that no one would consider opposing the Party. Thought crimes and face crimes were thoughts and facial jesters that showed the Inner Party that rebellion was within. The thought police would arrest residents of Oceana for even the thought of deviance towards the Party. Winston and Julia believed they were stronger then the Party and that they could outsmart it. Their love for each other turned to a love for Big Brother after the psychological breakdown by OBrian and the Party. OBrian took them to the point where nothing was tolerable, and the only option was to give up the person you love and put them in your shoes, so that you would not have to endure it. At this point, there was no longer a will to stay together and deceive the Party. Once Wilson had been brainwashed and betrayed Julia, he was no longer the same person. Under the spreading chestnut tree I sold you and you sold me emphasizes just how betrayal became the downfall of Winstons and Julias subversive force.

Static Var Compensator to Improve Profile Voltage

Static Var Compensator to Improve Profile Voltage Implementation of Static Var Compensator to Improve Profile Voltage On transmission System 70kV-150kV APJ Pasuruan Abstract System requirements for power is growing in line with the needs in line with population and industrial electricity consumption, so there is an alternative to maximize the utilization of the transmission line, one of them with equipment Flexible Alternating Current Transmission Systems (FACTS). Hardware FACTS device in this research one of which is a Static Var Compensator (SVC) to maintain the stability of the voltage remains constant at face value by injecting reactive power into the system can be controlled. Tool OCP contained in the software Electrical Transient Analysis Program (ETAP) is used to determine the location and capacity of SVC by applying the Genetic Algorithm (GA). To test the proposed method, the system standard IEEE 14-bus and the 70kV-150kV transmission system 12 bus APJ Pasuruan used for simulation in this study. From the analysis of 12 buses can be evidenced by the placement and capacity SVC in Bangil2 bus with a capacity of 43.2 MVAr Qc can raise the pr ofile of the voltage to fall within the permitted margin of 0.95 p.u. to 1.05 p.u. Reviewed Bangil2 bus, bus Bulukandang, buses and bus Pandaan Sukorejo.serta can reduce the power of 10.158 MW and MVAr be 9.9966 45.048 44.660 MW and MVAr. Index Terms Static Var Compensator, Profile Voltage, ETAP Power Station, 70kV-150kV Transmission System. IN RECENT YEARS, the needs of the electric power system in Indonesia continues to increase along with the demand for electricity and the increase in population and industrial electricity consumption. In this case the development and construction of new plants and transmission lines are needed to meet the needs of the growing burden. Akantetapi it is determined based on the consideration of environmental and economic factors. In addition to the prohibitive cost, the construction of new transmission lines also require a very long time[1].So there is an alternative to maximize the utilization of transmission lines, one of which is by using equipment Flexible Alternating Current Transmission Systems (FACTS)[2]. FACTS devices of several types of devices, Static Var Compensator (SVC) is widely sudah digunakan around the  world, including in Indonesia itself has been applied in the GI Jember. Based on the standard PLN, the voltage value allowed on electric power system ranging from 0.95 to 1.05 pu of nominal voltage[3]..SVC Can maintain the stability of the voltage remains constant at a value nominalnya by injecting reactive power into the system can be controlled. Installation SVC at one point or some places could increase the value of the voltage profile and reduce power losses (losses)on the power system[4]. FACTS concept device was introduced by the Electric Power Research Institute (EPRI) in late 1980. Where the FACTS device can increase the capacity of the transmission system and control the flow of power (loadflow)is flexible[5].On the other hand FACTS devices can also reduce the cost of electrical energy generation and improve voltage stability of the transition state(transient)[6] [7]. Therefore, this paper will discuss the placement and the determination of optimal capacity SVC for voltage profile improvement 70-150 kV using Genetic Algorithms in the software ETAP Power Station A. System Modeling Electricity Modeling electric power system is defined as a network system consisting of components or electrical equipment such as generators, transformers, transmission line, and a load interconnected and establish a system.[8] [9] B. Generator model Generatorsare modeled as a PV bus. Which generator terminal voltage at a constant value. This is because the generator using AVR (AutomaticVoltageRegulator) to regulate the voltage on the bus. On the bus references (SlackBus), generator dioprasikan by rating voltage and phase angle const ant. In mathematical equations active power (MW) and reactive power (MVAr) generated by the generator can be written as follows: (1) . (2) Where: Pg and Qg=Active and reactive power is delivered terminal generator. Vt = terminal voltage generator ÃŽÂ ´ = generator phase angle Eq= internal voltage generator Xd and Xq = synchronous reactance C. Power Transformer Power transformer of the power system can be expressed mathematically by the equation: .. (3) (4) Where: E = Voltage (pu) F = frequency N =Number of turns = maximum fluxsi From the equation it can be seen that the mechanical power transformer primary and secondary winding is not connected, but electrically interconnected by electromagnetic induction. D. Transmission Line Transmission lines are represented in accordance with the class of transmission. Representation of the transmission line based on the distance is divided into three parts, namely: 1. Short Transmission (l km / 50 miles) 2. The transmission medium (80 km / 50 mi 3. Transmission length (l> 240 km / 150 miles) Figure 1. the equivalent circuit transmission line short Figure 2. the equivalent circuit transmission line medium and length of Short the transmission line, has a channel length of less than 80 km (50 miles) assumed that the capacitance value can be ignored and only the taking into account the value of the resistance (R) and inductive reactance (XL).With assumed in a balanced (balanced), the transmission line can show by using the equivalent circuit of the phase with resistance value (R) and inductive reactance (XL)which are connected in series (series impedance), which can be seen in Figure 2.1. While in the middle of the transmission line, the transmission line has a length of 80 km (50 miles) and 240 km (150 miles). In the middle of the transmission line, the capacitance conductor can not be ignored so that the conductor can be modeled using the equivalent circuit of one phase in the form of nominal à Ã¢â€š ¬ which can be seen in Figure 2.2. But for a long transmission line, capacitance and impedance conductive assumed contained on all the conductors to the limit of infinite. E. Electrical load In power systems, there are two kinds of modeling the load is static load and dynamic load. 1) Model Static Load Static load model is a model that represents active and reactive power as a function of the bus voltage and frequency. Static load in response to changes in voltage and frequency is reached quickly, so it tends to steady-state condition. Static load models are typically used for components such as resistive loads and lighting loads, and is also sometimes used to approach the dynamic components. 2) Model Load dynamic Dynamic load model is a model that represents the active power and reactive follow the dynamics of the system variables, so that the condition can change at any time. F. Drop Voltage The Drop Voltage is the amount of voltage that is missing on a conductor. The voltage drop across the power line is generally proportional to the length of the channel and the load, and inversely proportional to the cross sectional area of the conductor. The magnitude of the voltage drop expressed either in percent or in the amount of Volt. G. Static Var Compensator Static Var Compensator or called SVC is one of the FACTS equipment Device consisting of a reactor component with a large set of inductive reactive power compensation and capacitor as a source of reactive power, power electronics equipment as well equipped as a switching device. Broadly speaking, the function of which is to preserve SVC (controller) voltage stability remain constant at its face value. SVC is a generator / load connected shunt static VAR where output is set for the exchange of inductive or capacitive currents in order to maintain or control the power system can be varied. TCR (Thyristor Controlled Reactor) at the fundamental frequency can be treated as a variable inductance . (5) Where, XV is a variable reactance SVC while XL is the reactance caused by the fundamental frequency without control thyristor and ÃŽÂ ± is the angle of ignition so that the total equivalent impedance of the controller can be expressed in: .. (6) Value rx = XC / XL is given by the controller limit ignition angle limit of value fixed in accordance with the design. control law The steady state contained in the SVC typical VI characteristic figure 2.3 is .. (7) where V and I are rms voltage and current magnitude and Vref is the reference voltage. Typical values for slope XSL is 2 to 5%, tehadap SVC base; The value is necessary to avoid passing the limit of bus voltage variation is small. A typical value controlled voltage range of Vref.[11] [12] Figure 3. V I characteristics instate SVC steady H. Power Flow method By using the Newton Raphson method to analyze the power flow by forming a non-linear algebraic equations of power flow calculation can be determined by performing a comparison between the voltage change in voltage angle and the magnitude of the voltage with active power changes and reactive power (k)).[11]In the mathematical equations of power flow can be written as follows: (8) Where: is the value of active power (MW) is the value of reactive power (MVAr) I. Software ETAP Power Station ETAP (Electric Transient and Analysis Program)is a software full-graphics that can be used to design and test the condition of the existing electric power system. ETAP can be used to simulate the electrical power system offline in the form of a simulation module, monitoring the operation data in realtime, simulation, real time system optimization, energy management systems andsimulation of intelligent loads hedding. ETAP is designed to handle a variety of conditions and electric power system topologies both in the consumer side of the industry as well as to analyze the performance of the system at the utility. software Thisis equipped with facilities to support the simulation of such networks AC and DC (AC and DC networks),the design of cable networks, grid earth (groundgrid), GIS, panel design, arc-flash, coordination of protective devices (protective devices coordination /selectivity),and AC / DC control system diagram. ETAP Power Station also provides a library that will simplify the design of an electrical system. library This can be edited or can be added to the information equipment. This software works by plant (project).Each plant must provide modeling support equipment associated with the analysis that will be performed. For instance generator, load data, channel data, etc. A plant consists of a sub-set of the electrical system that require special electrical components and interconnected. In Power Station, each plant must provide a data base for that purpose. ETAP Power Station can be used to describe a single line diagram graphically and conduct some analysis / study of the Load Flow Short Circuit, the motor starting, harmonics, transient stability, protective device coordination, and Optimal Capacitor Placement.[13] A few things to note in working with ETAP Power Station are: One Line Diagram, shows the relationship between the components / equipment so as to form an electrical system. Library, information about all of the equipment that will be used in the electrical system. Data electrical and mechanical equipment details / full can simplify and improve the results of simulation / analysis. The standard is used, usually refers to the IEC or ANSI standards, the frequency of the system and method the method used. Case Study, containing parameters parameters related to the method of study to be performed and format of analytical results. Completeness of data from each element / component / electrical equipment on the system that will be very helpful analyzed the results of the simulation / analysis can approach the actual operational state.[13] J. Genetic Algorithms on OCP tool within ETAP Optimal Capacitor Placement (OCP) is one of the tools in the software ETAP Power Station which uses genetic algorithm for optimal capacitor placement. Genetic Algorithm is an optimization technique that is based on the theory of natural selection. An algorithm starts with the generation solutions with the diversity to represent the characteristics of the overall search space. By mutation and crossover characteristics that both have to be taken to the next generation. The optimal solution can be achieved through repeated generations. The most common method is based on a rule of thumb followed by running multiple power flow studies for fine tuning size and location. multiple power flow for fine tuning size and location. K. Objective Function The objective of the placement problems SVC is to improve the voltage profile and reduce the total power losses in power systems installed. The objective function is obtained from two terms. The first is the placement of SVC with the approach of the capacitor and the second is the total power loss. The objective function associated with the placement of the capacitor consists of a total power loss and the capacity of the capacitor. In general, the optimal capacitor placement and capacity can be written in the following equation [14]: .. . (9) Subject to: .. (10) .. (11) Where: P loss= Total power loss J = Total Bus = Placement capacity capacitors on the bus j Vj= voltage rms at bus j V min= minimum voltage is allowed (pu) V max= maximum voltage that allowed (pu) = maximum capacitor capacity permissible = minimum capacity capacitor bank L. Operatinal Constraint Along the feeder are required to remain within upper and lower limits after the addition of capasitors on the feeder. Voltage constrains can be taken into account by voltage. M. Placement of Static Var Compensator placement static var compensator used approach OCP. OCP is the optimal capacitor placement that exist in software ETAP power station which will be described in research methodology. Optimal placement of capacitors in the power system has many variables including the capacitor capacity, optimal placement, voltage and harmonics. Where in determining placement and optimum capacity, types of capacitors can be adjusted based on conditions on the ground. Namum considering these variables, making optimal placement becomes very complicated. So as to simplify the analysis, the type of capacitor can be assumed as follows: 1. The system is in equilibrium (balanced) 2. All types are considered constant load N. Capacitors Capacity Capacitors In determining capacity, used capacity started based standard smallest capacity of capacitors and multiples thereof. So based on these standards, the capacity of the capacitor can be used as a discrete variable. and will be used as the capacity of the SVC. In the analysis of the placement and the determination of the optimum capacity of capacitors to improve voltage profile and reduction in power losses, papers It uses the standard IEEE as a reference point in the implementation process and workmanship. Testing and research with survey data obtained from PT. PLN (Persero) APP TJBTB Probolinggo. With the data obtained, it can be simulated transmission system APJ Pasuruan 70 kV and 150 kV using software ETAP Power Station. Simulations can be done in the form of power flow or Load Flow, which is to know the profile of the voltage, active power, reactive power and losses that occur in the system 70 kV and 150 kV After conducting a study of power flow it is known conditions of the bus who suffered voltage drop (under voltage).If there are conditions that decrease the bus voltage below the allowable margin (0.95 A. Flow studies Flowused in the preparation of this study are as follows: Start Drawing single line diagrams. Input data: data generator, a data channel, the data load. Running the simulation Load Flow using Method Newton Raphson To check whether the voltage on the system is at the permitted margin of 0.95 à ¢Ã¢â‚¬ °Ã‚ ¤ V à ¢Ã¢â‚¬ °Ã‚ ¤ 1.05 pu If NoPerform simulation process OCP bus to get anywhere into optimal location for placement of the capacitor which is then replaced by the value of the capacitor SVC. Once the process OCP is complete, plug SVC finished. Return to Step 4 If Yes go to step 8 Results and Analysis of the results Done. Flowchart Figure 4. Flowchart solving A. Modeling transmission system 70kV 150kV APJ Pasuruan using software ETAP Power Station Before running simulation modeling is required in advance PLN APJ Pasuruan sisitem transmission using software ETAP Power Station from pictures in the can when the survey. Modeling Single line diagramis done using software ETAP Power Station and to enter all of the data supports five image simulasi. Transmission system70kV -150kV APJ Pasuruan is still in the shade APP Probolinggo with 12 bus and were able to generate 632.4 MW power P and Q 391,92 MVar of PLTGU. Total peak load on the transmission system APJ Pasuruan P 327.75 129.8 MW Q MVar. Source: PT PLN TJBTB APP Probolinggo Figure 5. Single line diagram APP system probolinggo B. Generating Data transmission line system 70kV 150k APJ Pasuruan Table 1. Data Capable of Generating Power transmission system 70kV 150kV APJ Pasuruan cellspacing=0 cellpadding=0> Source: PT PLN TJBTB APP Probolinggo C. Load data transmission systems 70kV 150kV APJ Pasuruan Table 2. Data transmission system peak load of 70kV 150kVAPJ Pasuruan Line Transmission Transformer P (MW) Q (MVAr) GRATI Trafo1- 60 MVA 12.6 3:22 BUMICOKRO Trafo1- 50 MVA 39.15 11.82 Trafo2-60MVA 46.8 16:12 GONDANGWETAN Trafo1-60MVA 31.42 8:56 Trafo2-30MVA 22:24 5.82 Trafo3-60MVA 23:06 8:18 BANGIL1 Trafo1-60MVA 27.26 6.94 Trafo1-20MVA 16.74 6:04 REJOSO Trafo1-20MVA 2.86 3:25 Trafo2-30MVA 2:45 6 Trafo3-35 MVA 8:21 2.1 PIER Trafo1-50MVA 21.89 11:52 PANDAAN Trafo1-30MVA 17:28 4.94 Trafo2-20MVA 10.66 2.65 Trafo3-30MVA 25.8 9.6 SUKOREJO Trafo1-30MVA 17:42 6:06 BULUKANDANG Trafo1-60MVA 24.4 6.93 Trafo2-20MVA 8.66 2:44 PURWOSARI Trafo1 -60MVA 13.85 7.61 Source: PT PLN TJBTB APP Probolinggo (peak load data) D. Line transmission data in system 70kV 150kV APJ Pasuruan Table 3. Line transmissiondata in system 70kV 150kV Pasuruan From To Circuit Distance (KM) Type Conductor GRATI GONDANGWETAN 1 21.069 ACSR ZEBRA GRATI GONDANGWETAN 2 21.069 ACSR ZEBRA GONDANG-WETAN BANGIL 1 16.805 ACSR DOVE GONDANG-WETAN BANGIL 2 16.805 ACSR DOVE BANGIL PANDAAN 1 8,700 ACSR Ostrich BANGIL PANDAAN 2 8,700 ACSR Ostrich BUMICO-KRO BANGIL 1 6200 ACSR ZEBRA BANGIL SUKOREJO 1 16,000 ACSR PIGEON BANGIL MOLDY-DANG 1 24 770 ACSR DOVE BANGIL PIER 1 6200 ACSR ZEBRA BANGIL PIER 2 6200 ACSR ZEBRA GONDANG-WETAN PIER 1 10 866 ACSR ZEBRA GONDANG-WETAN PIER 2 10 866 ACSR ZEBRA PIER PURWOSA-RI 1 22 422 ACSR ZEBRA PIER PURWOSA-RI 2 22 422 ACSR ZEBRA GONDANG-WETAN REJOSO 1 10 487 ACSR DOVE GONDANG-WETAN REJOSO 2 10 487 ACSR DOVE Source: PT PLN TJBTB APP Probolinggo E. Modelling single line transmission system diagram 70kV 150kV APJ Pasuruan Creating modeling a single line diagram70KV transmission systems 150kV APJ Pasuruan on software ETAP Power Station is the first step in the analysis. Where in this modeling will be included all the data technical data which includes capacity, generation, channel, transformer, step-up the transformer and the load. Figure 6 Modelling Single Line Diagram of the transmission system 70kV 150kV APJ Pasuruan F. Simulation Load Flow using Software ETAP Power Station on the conditions of the base case Simulation load flow is intended to determine the initial condition of the system, determine the value of the voltage rating on every bus, knowing that the power in each channel and obtain the value of active and reactive power on the bus. Insimulation load flow thisusing methods Newthon Rhapson. Figure 7. After the run with load flow in base case conditions. Table 3. Profile voltage conditions of the base case No. BUS ID V(pu) 1. BANGIL 1 0.9568 2. BANGIL 2 0.9299 3. BULUKANDANG 0.9497 4. BUMICOKRO 0.9517 5. GRATI GITET 0.1000 6. GONDANGWETAN 0.9713 7. GRATI 0.9992 8. PANDAAN 0.9174 9. PIER 0.9610 10. PURWOSARI 0.9586 11. REJOSO SUMMIT 0.9700 12. SUKOREJO 0.9216 Figure 8. Graph voltage profile condition of base case Based on the load flow inconditions basecase aboveand have been known to occur outside the voltage breach margin the permitted of 0.95 pu to 1 05 pu in Bangil2 bus, bus Bulu kandang, Pandaan bus, and the bus Sukorejo, it can be improved voltage profile by using analysis of Optimal Capacitor placement (OCP) for placement and capacity SVC. G. Placement Analysis